@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2252-0805    The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;21(1):31-36

Background
… [1-4] Malondialdehyde (MDA) level can be reduced by herbal ingredients that have antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties [5]. … [6] Prosopis Farcta belongs to the family of Leguminosea [7]. Some effective compounds in Prosopis Farcta are 5-hydroxyl, alkaloids, L-arabinose, lectins, apeigenin, and tryptamine [8]. Ethanol extract of the fruit of this plant contains alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and saponins [9, 10]. … [11, 12]
Previous Studies
Prosopis Farcta leaves are used to treat ulcers caused by diabetes, but the precise mechanism of its effect is not understood correctly [13]. To date, no study has been done on the effect of Prosopis Farcta fruit on reducing the side-effects of diabetes. … [14-17]
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of Prosopic Farcta pod on liver histopathology and MDA levels in Wister diabetic rats.
Research type
Non-declared
Research society, place and time
Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 300 grams of Mashhad Medical University (Iran), kept at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Development Centre of Zabol University (Iran) were studied.
Sampling method and number
45 rats were studied.
Used devices&materials
Animals were kept at standard conditions of good light, temperature and food. Animals were randomly divided into groups each had 15 rats as cntrol group, diabetic group, and diabetic group treated with 300 mg/kg of the extract of the fruit of Prosopic Farcta. The second and third groups became diabetic by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (42 mg/kg). To prepare the oral solution for gavage of hydro-alcoholic extract of Prosopis Farcta leaves (based on 300 units of concentration), 16.75g of obtained powder was poured into the volumetric flask of 250 ml which reached up to 250ml with distilled water. Prosopic Farcta was prepared from the Zabol Department of Natural Resources. The plant was identified and confirmed by botanical experts of Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Study of Zabol University. Prosopic Farcta pod fruit extract was fed as gavage to rats for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained from the hearts of rats. Liver tissues were exposed to passage and after providing 4 to 5μm sections, the samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue sections were, then, examined under a light microscope. The collected data were investigated using Man-Whitney Rank Sum test and Student T test. The tissue MDA levels were measured by determining the amount of reactive materials with tiobarbiotic acid and according to kit instruction (Anzan Chemistry; Tehran). Light absorbance of the solution was measured at 532 nm wave-length using a spectrophotometer (UNICO UV / VIS- 2100; USA). To compare the results of each parameter in each group before and after the study, Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures and Paired T-test was used. Comparison of groups with each other in each period was performed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test.
Findings by Text
The tissue MDA levels were significantly different in two witness groups (8.1±2.4μmol per protein gram) and treatment (12.7 ± 3.1μmol per protein gram). At the end of day 30, the levels of MDA in the liver of diabetic group was significantly higher than the control group, but treatment with the Prosopic Farcta pod extract significantly reduced the level of liver tissue MDA compared to the non-treated diabetic group (9.2 ± 2.7μmol per protein gram). In the Histopathological examination of the liver in diabetic rats, swelling and accumulation of hepatocytes was seen due to the accumulation of glycogen as well as glycogen sediment in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, in which the bulk of these complications were in the centrilobular and around the central vein. Because of inflation and sediment accumulation of glycogen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and hepatic picnotic nuclei, Kurds were irregular. In addition, the sinusoids which are placed among the cords of hepatocytes have been narrower than normal size due to the lack of space. In none of the cases of diabetes, inflammatory cells and cell necrosis was observed. In rats treated with Prosopis Farcta pod extract, the liver parenchyma was normal; no accumulation of sediment or vacuole was observed, and the nuclei and sinusoids had the normal condition (Figure 1).
Main comparison to the similar studies
Prosopis Fracta pod extract reduced the concentration of MDA in treatment group compared with control group. MDA levels as an indicator of oxidative stress has been evaluated in many studies [18]. … [19-22]. Induced diabetes in rats increased the level of MDA in liver tissue. A decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity increases the concentration of plasma MDA and the rate of other indices of oxidative stress [23]. Administration of the extract was effective in reducing lipid peroxidation. ... [24-27].
Suggestions
Indicators of oxidative stress should be examined in other tissues such as kidney, heart and brain.
Limitations
Lack of evaluation of Antioxidant enzymes activity such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and Glutathione peroxidase was of the limitations of this study.
Conclusions
The results of this study shows that the extract of Prosopis Farcta pod reduces lipid peroxidation and can prevent secondary complications of diabetes.
Acknowledgments
The cooperation of Physiology Laboratory authorities is appreciated.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
All the processes were conducted in accordance with international laws on laboratory animals and approved by Ethics Committee of Studies in Medical Sciences (BP-QP-106 -01).
Funding Sources
Research costs were paid by Department of Biology, University of Zabol.

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