@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 2383-2150    Journal of Education and Community Health 2015;2(2):20-27

Background
…[1]. Quality of life is people's perception of their position in their life in Cultural and value systems context and it has relationship with their goals, wishes and standards [2].
Previous Studies
…[3-5]. Reily et al. believe that spiritual health aspivotal philosophy of life and result of meet the need of target, meaning, love and forgiveness is considered and "self- existential health " try to understand the meaning and purpose in life and "spiritual health" refers to satisfaction of the relationship with a higher power or God [6]. …[7-13].Kobasa etal. defined tenacity as combination of belief about yourself and world that consist of three components of commitment, control,and militancy[14]. …[15-20].
Aim(s)
This study examines the role of psychological tenacity and spiritual health in the quality of life among the students.
Research type
This research is a descriptive-correlational study.
Research society, place and time
120 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences who had enrolled in the academic year 2013-14, were selected.
Sampling method and number
It was a cluster sampling method. For selecting the participant among colleges, four colleges were selected randomly. Then between each school, a class and at the end 30 students were selected from each class. ... [21].
Used devices&materials
Data collection tool was included written questionnaire that was completed by the participants through self-reporting. Questionnaire was consisted of four questionnaires of demographic factors (age, gender, education field, marital status,etc.), Questionnaire of life quality (SF-36), Ahwaz tenacity and paloutzian and park's spiritual health. A) Quality of life questionnaires (SF-36): This scale was designed by Ware and Sherbourne in 1992. Purpose of designing this questionnaire is evaluating health condition from physical and mental dimensions. Lowest score in this questionnaire is zero and the highest is 100 and the score of each dimension will be defined with the score of titles in those dimension.This questionnaire has eight areas: physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, body pain, general health, vitality, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems and emotional health. Reliability coefficient of subscales has been reported from 0.77 to 0.95. However, reliability of vitality subscale has been reported as 0.65. The Iranian version of this questionnaires has the highest validity and reliability for measuring the quality of life among ordinary population [22]. B) Ahwaz Psychological Tenacity Questionnaire: this scale consists of 27 questions that has been designed in multiple choice question of Likert scale spectrum (form never = 0 to most of time = 4). In this questionnaire, scoring questions number 6, 7, 10, 13 and 17 is done contrary.The score range from 0 to 108 is obtainable in this questionnaire that obtaining higher score indicates the higher psychological tenacity in people. The internal consistency of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha has been reported equal to 0.77. This rate in subscales of commitment, control and challenge, respectively is 0.68, 0.83 and 0.70 [23]. C) Spiritual health questionnaire: to testify spiritual health, Paloutzian and Park's spiritual health questionnaire was used. This 20 phrasal questionnaire consist of two dimensions of existential health and spiritual health, in which 10phrases with even number measure existential health and 10 phrases with odd number measure religion health. Score of spiritual health is sum of these two sub-groups and its range is 20-120. Phrases answers according to Likert scale are categorized into six parts. In the statements that had a positive action, answer of totally disagree had score 1 and totally agree score 6 and in the statements that had negative action, answer of totally disagree got score 6 and totally agree score 1, [24] validity of this questionnaire after translating into Farsi, was confirmed by content validity [11].Also, its reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82[24]. Statistical analysis Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 19 and using inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and linear regression coefficient (the step by step procedure). The significance level for all tests considered less than 0.05.
Findings by Text
The age range of study participants was between 20 and 29 years with a mean of 24.5±0.73.Of the participants, 72.5 percent were unmarried and 27.5 percent married. In this study, the mean and standard deviation of overall score of students` quality was 2086.7±260.1. Also, the mean score of physiological tenacityand spiritual health were 47.53±4.65 and 58.10±6.52 respectively. Based on the results, quality of life and physiological tenacity had a significant positive relationship (P=0.005 r=0.257). Quality of life had a significant negative relationship (p=0.034, r=0.189) with spiritual health.It was also found that, from the two components of spiritual health, only spiritual health (P=0.011, r=-0.223) was correlated with quality of life. Results of Table 1 shows that the dimensions of role limitations due to physical condition, vitality and role limitation due to emotional problems had a significant positive correlation with psychological tenacity (P<0.05). According to the results, a significant correlation was not observed between spiritual health and quality of life different dimensions. Stepwise regression analysis for predicting of quality of life showed that in the first step, psychological tenacity variable predicted 6.6 percent of quality of life variance (coefficient of determination R2 ) and in the second step by adding spiritual health variable, this rate reached to 11.3 percent (Table 2).
Main comparison to the similar studies
The results of this study was consistent with research of Basavaraj et al.[7], PrislaÜcker et al.[8], Ramezankhani et al.[9], Shakerinia[17], Pirastemotlagh and Nikmanesh[10], and Momeni and Shahbazi Rad [12]. A positive correlation was observed between spiritual health and quality of life. The results of this studywere matched with research of Basavaraj et al.[7], PrislaÜcker et al.[8], Ramezankhani et al.[9], Pirastemotlagh and Nikmanesh[10], andMomeni and Shahbazi Rad [12]…[25].
Suggestions
It is suggested that appropriate actions take place in order to raise the quality of life, with preparing package and training regarding increasing spiritual health and psychological tenacity in universities. Also, advisors in field of spiritually have to pay more attention to role and importance of spiritual health and prepare appropriate curriculum in order to increase spiritual health of students in universities.
Limitations
This study had some limitations. For instance, it is a correlation study that cause and effect could not be inferred from the results. Also, according to the study conducted on students, we should observe caution in generalizing the results to other people.
Conclusions
The relationship between variables was significant
Acknowledgments
The authors of this study appreciate of all students who participate in this research.
Conflict of interest
Non-declared
Ethical Permissions
Statue of doing this project and confidentiality of information and the purpose of doing project were explained to the participant students of this research and all of them were entered in study consciously.
Funding Sources
Non-declared

TABLES and CHARTS

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