ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Montazeri   Z. (*1)
EbrahimPoor   M. (2)






(*1) Department of Urban Planning, Faculty Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Khavaran Institute, Mashhad, Iran

Correspondence

Address: No. 16, Rasti Street, 27 Rasti, Mashhad, Iran. Postal Code: 9186113111.
Phone: +98 (51) 36225231
Fax: -
Montazerizahra21@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  August  16, 2020
Accepted:  September 15, 2020
ePublished:  March 18, 2021

BRIEF TEXT


Security is one of the essential features of the urban spaces to provide welfare and peace for the residents. Some of the urban spaces are prone to crime and insecurity because of their physical features.

The offenders usually choose areas for their criminal activities that are less probable to be arrested and witnessed by others [Ebadinejad & Bahoosh, 2012]. Defenseless areas have dysfunctions such as sub-urbanity, homelessness, dumping, urinating outdoors, mendicancy, gathering of homeless wanderers, theft, sexual assault on women, and murder [Golich & Amari, 2013]. The most important features of defenseless spaces are the lack of relationship between form and function, not being owned by someone, lack of visibility, including some corners, unfinished or abandoned buildings, under construction places, dark places, and places without proper function [Podratchi, 1993].

This study aimed to identify and study the defenseless spaces in the Oudlajan neighborhood in Tehran.

This is an empirical study in terms of the methodology and analytical-descriptive in terms of the purpose.

The current research is carried out in Oudlajan neighborhood in Tehran in 2018

According to the Cochran formula, 375 people were chosen using simple random sampling.

Both desk studies and field studies were used in the current research. Observation, questionnaire, interviewing and photography were used to collect data and SPSS 22 and ArcGIS were used to analyze the data.

Identifying the defenseless spaces in Ouladjan's sub-neighborhoods According to the field studies and the indicators, there are 17, 27, and 28 defenseless spaces In Imamzade Yahya, eastern Pamenar, and western Pamenar, respectively. Considering the experts' opinions and interviewing the residents, 13 out of 72 defenseless spaces are high priorities to be dealt with. These spaces' features are shown in Table 3 and their locations are given in Figure 1. The analysis of the Oudlajan neighborhood in terms of its defenseless spaces using T-Test The questionnaires evaluate the indicators and features of defenseless spaces in Oudlajan as well as identifying the defenseless spaces in sub-neighborhoods. T-test was used to evaluate the indicators. Number 3 in the Likert spectrum is in the middle and the means bigger than 3 show inappropriate situations of the indicators in defenseless spaces. According to Table 4, worn urban fabric, narrow passages, and darkness in the evening make residents worried and make the situation proper for the addicts gathering, the retail of drug, and theft. The analysis of the indicators affecting the defenseless spaces in Oudlajan sub-neighborhoods using ANOVA test According to the results of the ANOVA test shown in Figure 5, the Imamzade Yahya neighborhood with a smaller area of defenseless spaces is the most secure neighborhood in comparison to the two others. Western Pamenar is in better condition in comparison to the middle Pamenar. The analysis of factors affecting defenseless urban spaces using Friedman test This test ranks the indicators according to their importance. The bigger mean means that the indicator is more inappropriate and vice versa (Table 6).

The results of the current research are consistent with the results of Mansouri et al., 2017; Ebrahimijam & Ahmadian, 2014; Mohseni Tabrizi et al., 2012; Ziyari et al., 2016; Podratchi, 1993 in terms of the impact of the indicators in the extension of the defenseless spaces and dysfunctionality.

Offering flexible round-the-clock functions such as night drugstores, clinics, markets, and so on. Construction of the stamping grounds for the residents using proper vegetation, flooring, colorful urban furniture in defenseless spaces. Allocation of the urban defenseless spaces to holding the festivals and outdoor markets. Allocation of the defenseless spaces to outdoor playgrounds and surrounding them by fences. Lightening such spaces and asking the owners to install nigh lamps at their doors.

There is no limitation reported.

The awareness of the reasons for defenselessness and insecurity in urban spaces and their impact on the residents' life quality plays an important role in helping the managers and the experts in the renovation of the urban fabrics such as the valuable fabric of Oudlajan. The results show Oudlajan is not secure according to the studied indicators. Lack of proper plans to improve such places leads to the increase in violence, unsafety, criminal activities and leaving population from that area.

We tend to thank Mr. Kazemi, Mr. Najafi, and Hosseini, the facilitation office (Mr. Dushen, Ms. Nourie, and Ms. Shamshiri).

None.

None.

This study is carried out at the first author's personal expense.

TABLES and CHARTS

Show attach file


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