ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Kazemi   O. (*)
Shojaedin   S.S. (1)
Hadadnezhad   M. (1)






(*) Corrective Movement & Sport Pathology Department, Physical Education & Sport Science Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Corrective Movement & Sport Pathology Department, Physical Education & Sport Science Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Physical Education & Sport Science Faculty, Enghelab Street, Mofatteh Street, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Phone: -
Fax: -
okazemi97@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  February  4, 2016
Accepted:  June 6, 2016
ePublished:  June 18, 2016

BRIEF TEXT


Their movement and skill patterns and indication of some negative side effects among professional athletes is an important phenomenon in sports medicines [1, 2].

… [3-6]. Performing repetitive movements during sport activities and specially doing projectile motions over the head, put the shoulder joint under stress and repeated microdermabrasion and as a result misadjust the stability of the shoulder joint and causes the pain in shoulder joint [7, 8]. … [9-12]. Erol et al. has proved the relationship between the power of internal and external rotation muscles of shoulder joint with the amount of the paint [13] … [14-18].

The aim of the current study was the comparison of the power of rotation muscles of the shoulder joint in dominant and non-dominant limb and their relationship with the amount of the pain in shoulder of men basketball players with wheelchair.

The current study is a descriptive, correlational one.

This study was conducted in summer 2014 on 50 male players who were members of basketball teams with wheelchair in Tehran and Alborz states of current league of the country in partnership of veterans and disabled board of Alborz state and Isar cultural-sport club of Tehran.

Samples were chosen with non-randomized purposeful method. The standards of entering the study included not having any record in traumatic injuries in shoulder joint in the last 6 months, surgery record, having breaks in shoulder joint and dislocation in acromioclavicular and glenhumeral joints.

First, the demographic information of samples were recorded. The MMT device( Lafayt company 1156 model; United States) was used for measuring the power of rotation muscles that its validity was calculated as 0.91 and its stability coefficient was 0.80 [19-22]. Also, the Wheelchair User`s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) was used for measuring the amount of the pain in the shoulder that its validity was 0.99 and its reliability coefficient was 0.86 [23]. The power of internal and external rotation muscles in both neutral and 45˚ in abduction of the shoulder was measured. Each of these tests were conducted three times on every of these dominant and non-dominant limb and the maximum amount as the amount of strength of each limb was recorded. 3 minutes of resting while doing the test was given to subjects [21]. To measure the strength of inner and outer rotations in neutral position, the subjects were put in sitting position on chairs and the subject' chest was fixed to the chair with a fabric belt. In this position the shoulder joint was in neutral position and the elbow joint was in 90˚ flexion. To measure the strength of the inner and outer rotations in 45˚ of shoulder abduction, the subjects were put on a bed in supine position with 45˚ of shoulder abduction and flexion and normal extension and the head and the chest of the subject was fixed to the bed with a fabric belt. A pillow was used to keep the shoulder in normal position of flexion and extension and was put under the elbow of the subject that caused the Scapular thoracic joint in stability in abduction position of the scapula page. This position for manual measuring of the rotation muscles skeleton is the same. In each of these positions the MMT device was put on upper radial appendage spear and the subject was asked to press his maximum strength and keep it for 5 seconds. Then the subject was kept in resting position and the score on the screen of the device was noted at the strength amount of the movement [21, 22]. Wheelchair User`s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) (WUSPI) is a specialized tool that was designed by Curtis et al.[17], for specifying the shoulder pain in wheelchair users and include four parts of transportation, movement with wheelchair, taking care of oneself and daily activities. This criterion is a 10-point visual analog scale tool that has 15 questions and is scaled from zero to 10. The patient himself put a score on the analog and the patient scores the pain in both shoulders based on his perception that the minimum score is zero and maximum score is 150. The zero score shows no pain and 150 score shows the maximum score. Also the pain modified score was calculated for individuals who did not do any activity and reported no pain for that point [23]. To analyze the data, first the normality premise of data distribution was studied by Kelmogrof-Smirnof that all data were normal. Then, for evaluating the strength difference of the rotation muscles between dominant and non-dominant limb the paired t-test was used and for studying the relationship between the strength of rotation muscles and the amount of shoulder pain Pearson correlation test was used.

The under study subjects had the mean age of 42.62±6.17 years, mean weight of 69.94±10.79 kilogram and mean sitting height of 85.28±9.04. Also the mean record of using the wheelchair with subjects was 19.76±9.04 and mean sport record in them was 10.90±6.25 years. The pain score of wheelchair users was calculated as 28.10±10.25 and their modified pain score was 35.04± 12.59. There was a meaningful correlation (p=0.0001) between the strength of inner rotation muscles of dominant and non-dominant limb in 0˚ (r=0.662) and 45˚(r=0.689). Also there was a meaningful correlation (p=0.001; r=0.446) between the strength of outer rotation muscles of dominant and non-dominant in 0˚ (p= 0.0001; r= 0.763) and in 45˚ (p=0.0001; r=0.446). There was a meaningful difference between the strength of inner rotation muscles of dominant and non-dominant limb in 0˚ and 45˚. There was a meaningful difference between the strength of outer rotation muscles of dominant and non0dominant limb in 0˚ and 45˚ (Table 1). Also, there was a meaningful relationship between the strength of inner rotation muscles in 0˚ with pain in dominant limb (p=0.029; r=0.270) and non-dominant limb (p=0.045; r=0.227). Also there is a meaningful relationship between the strength of inner rotation muscles in 45˚ with pain in dominant limb (p=0.039; r=0.251) and non-dominant limb (p=0.034; r=0.261). However, there was no relationship between the strength of outer rotation muscles in 0˚ with pain in dominant limb and non-dominant limb (p>0.05).

Rahmani et al. verified the relationship between the strength of inner and outer rotation muscles with pain in shoulder joint with aim of studying the relationship of the strength of rotation muscle of shoulder joint among athlete and non-athlete wheelchair individuals in their studies [24, 25]. Also Erol et al. [13], Drongelen et al.[26] and McDermid et al. [27] confirmed the relationship between the shoulder pain and the strength of rotation muscles of the shoulder joint which was in consistent with the results of the current study… [28-29].

Athletes due to the special biomechanics basketball movements and preventing non-balance of the muscles, Should emphasize the reinforcement of agonist and antagonist muscles at in shoulder joint movements in the same way and pay attention to muscles during practice that were under reinforcement and reflexive practices. Also it is suggested that the current study conduct in society with expanded aim, with aim of studying the relationship of variables among athletic and non-athletic individuals and in other sports that have repetitive movements above head like handball, swimming, strengthening sports and so on.

Of the limitations of this study were the subjects' individual differences, the type of the disability, the severity of the disability, and gender and sport record of the subjects.

In men basketball players with wheelchair, there is a relationship between the strength of rotation muscles in dominant and non-dominant limb, but the strength of rotation muscles of dominant limb is more than non-dominant limb. Also there is a relationship between the strength of inner rotation muscles with pain.

We show our full thanks and appreciation to veterans and disabled board of Tehran and Alborz states and Isar sport-cultural club and the study subjects who accepted to cooperate in this study.

There is no conflict of interests in this study.

The participants declared their knowingly satisfaction in participation in the test before starting the study.

No company or organization supported this study financially.

TABLES and CHARTS

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