ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Descriptive & Survey Study

Authors

Abdi   R. (1)
Mardani   L.S. (*)






(*) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
(1) Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, 35 Km Tabriz-Maragheh Road, Tabriz City, East Azarbaijan Province. Postal Code: 5375171379
Phone: +98 (41) 31452414
Fax: +98 (41) 34327534
l.mardani@azarunive.ac.ir

Article History

Received:  October  29, 2017
Accepted:  January 29, 2018
ePublished:  April 25, 2018

BRIEF TEXT


The increasing development of urban-machine life has increased traffic congestions, which, has reduced the ‎transportation pace on the one hand, and has imposed significant financial and costs on societies on the other ‎hand [1, 2]. ... [5-3]. the analysis of road accidents in the country shows that the human factors are among the ‎most important causes of driving accidents [6].‎

‎... [7-9]. The results of the study by Trieste et al. Shows that human factors, road factors, and vehicle defect ‎account for 93%, 34% and 12% of the car accidents reasons respectively [10]. ... [11, 12]. The relationship ‎between personality, high-risk driving and accidents has been studied by many researchers, including Amado et ‎al. [13]. This study shows a positive correlation between impulsiveness (a subtype of neuroticism) and violence ‎in driving. Leberg [14], determined that the incidence of high-risk driving behaviors is associated with many ‎characteristics such as emotional instability, anxiety, anger, and aggression. Turb Jordan and Hild [15] have ‎shown that people with higher degrees of emotion seeking and nervousness are more likely to have high-risk ‎driving. Arthur and Gerasino have found a direct relationship between high-risk personality disorder and driving ‎accidents [16]. .... [17-19]. McCrae and Costa have defined personality traits as dimensions of individual ‎differences in tendencies to show consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings and actions. The Five-Factor Model ‎‎(FFM) is a comprehensive and complete system for recognition of personal and personality differences, this ‎model includes neuroticism, extraversion, openness to new experiences, consistency, and conscientiousness ‎‎[20]. These five dimensions are known as normal personality dimensions. Abnormal dimensions stand beyond ‎the normal ones [21]. The DSM-5 personality and personality disorder group has developed a basic model of ‎abnormal personality [22]. ... [23, 24]. Thomas et al. investigated the structural convergence of the personality ‎dimensions of DSM-5 and FFM traits and found an overlap between the abnormal and normal models. The ‎existing evidence suggests that high levels of abnormal personality dimensions, especially oppression and ‎disinhibition, are associated with high-risk driving behavior [25].‎

Knowledge of the abnormal dimensions of personality and emotional control can reduce the risky behaviors of ‎drivers and, consequently reduce the degree of accident-induced psychological and material damage imposed on ‎the society. Therefore, the present study was an attempt to recognize the role of abnormal personality ‎dimensions in prediction of driving behavior with mediating role of emotional regulation.‎

This research is descriptive-correlational study.‎

This research was conducted on all public and private vehicle drivers of Tabriz and Azarshahr with at least one ‎year of driving experience (2015).‎

Given that in the structural equation modeling, sample size can be determined according based on 5 to 15 ‎observations per variable [26], 300 male drivers were selected through convenience sampling

For data collection, the authors visited some driver gathering centers such as Round-the-clock call taxi agencies ‎in the afore-mentioned cities and asked drivers to participate in this study. Manchester Driving Behavior [27], ‎emotional regulation [17] and abnormal personality dimensions questionnaires [22] were used for testing ‎purposes. The internal consistency coefficients of the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire were obtained ‎through exploratory factor analysis (slips 0.77, mistakes 0.84, deliberate violations 0.86, non-deliberative ‎violations 0.65) [28]. The 3-month test-retest validity of the emotional regulation questionnaire was 0.69 for ‎both re-evaluation and repression components [17]. The overall reliability and internal consistency of different ‎items of abnormal personality dimensions questionnaire were 0.86 and 0/76 and 0.89 respectively [26]. The ‎provisions of the Helsinki Declaration were observed in this study. First, the research objectives were explained ‎to the drivers and their consent was obtained for participation in the study. The subjects were assured that the ‎information would remain confidential. The questionnaires were simple and cost-free. The participants were ‎allowed to refrain from completing the questionnaires, in case they were reluctant to continue to cooperate with ‎the researchers. After obtaining written permission from university authorities, questionnaires were completed ‎by taxi drivers and other drivers in terminals of Tabriz and Azarshahr in a self-report manner. Data were ‎categorized, processed and analyzed using SPSS 20 and Lisrel 8.85 software [29]. The fitting of the hypothesized ‎model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. Prior to data analysis, the defaults of the ‎SEM statistical method were checked to ensure that the data analysis is feasible. Data analysis was carried out ‎using a 2-stage approach. In the first stage, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the fitting of the ‎measurement model and in the second stage, the structural equation modeling method was used to test the ‎hypothetical structural model [30]. Bootstrap test was used to evaluate the intermediary relations. ... [31].‎

The subjects' age ranged from 18 to 60 years (an average age of 39 years). The coefficient of correlation between ‎abnormal personality dimensions and driving behavior and emotion regulation was r=0.547 and r=-0.320 at a ‎significant level of P<0.01 respectively. The correlation coefficient between driving behavior and emotional ‎regulation was also -0.245 (-0.320<r<0.547). Among the abnormal personality dimensions, negative affect had ‎the highest mean (7.26±1.46) and the oppression had the lowest mean (5.87±2.12) (Table 1). The evaluation of ‎structural model using structural equation modeling method showed that all fitness indexes of this hypothesized ‎model are in the appropriate fitting range. The abnormal personality dimensions, as an exogenous variable ‎influenced emotion regulation and driving behavior with standard coefficients of -0.45 (t=-5.81) and 0.56 ‎‎(t=8.53), Emotional regulation also influenced driving behavior with a standard coefficient of -0.15 (t=-2.12). The ‎path of the abnormal personality dimensions to driving behavior with mediation of emotion regulation was ‎significant at p<0.05 with standard coefficient of 0.264.‎

‎... [32]. According to the results of the structural equation model, the emotional regulation is correlated with ‎negative affect, disinhibition, avoidance, oppression and psychosis, and driving behavior is correlated with ‎negative affect and psychosis, avoidance, oppression, disinhibition and psychosis. The results of this study are ‎consistent with Yaqoubui [33], Grossiyi and Azedi [34] studies, but are not consistent with Haqshenas et al. [35].‎

The authors should conduct the same study on other groups, especially young drivers. Also, studies due to the ‎acceptable reliability and validity of the long form PID-5 questionnaire, compared to its brief form, the authors ‎are required to use the long form questionnaire in further studies. In order to be more confident with the results, ‎it is recommended to use a clinical interview along with questionnaire. The findings of this study and similar ‎studies can be used in screening and preventive plans. According to the results, the authorities are required to ‎have driver license applicants sit emotion seeking, neuroticism, and psychological tests in the initial ‎examinations ‎

The limitations of this research include self-report data collection tools, the limited population size and the lack ‎of sufficient cooperation on the part of drivers in completing the questionnaire (due to the large number of items ‎and fear of information disclosure)‎

Driving behavior is influenced by personality and emotional characteristics, and emotional regulation is a good ‎predictor of driving behavior.‎

The authors would like to express their thankfulness to the subjects and people who helped them in the process ‎of data collection ‎

This research has been conducted without the financial support of any specific institution.‎

Researchers have followed all the ethical codes of research and obtained the necessary permissions from ‎competent authorities.‎

‎….‎

TABLES and CHARTS

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