@2024 Afarand., IRAN

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ISSN: 1027-1457    Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 2019;25(4):201-207

Background
Damage is known as a major risk to adult health in the world and is the most common cause of death. Fraud and scenes and fake accidents are a social disorder and a serious threat to the country.
Previous Studies
... [1-3]. Studies have shown that 400,000 deaths and more than 4 million injuries occur in Asia. Comparing high-income and middle-income countries showed that 85% of deaths and 90% of disabilities occur in middle- and low-income countries. The number of accidents around the world is increasing, with traffic deaths in the 1990s ranking ninth among the most common causes of death, but given its upward trend, it was forecast to drop to a third by 2020 [4-7]. … [8-16].
Aim(s)
The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of fictitious accidents in Mazandaran Province Forensic Medical Center in 2011-2016.
Research type
This research was a descriptive-analytical research.
Research society, place and time
In this research, all available cases of fictitious accidents in Mazandaran Province Forensic Medical Center during 2011-2016 were studied.
Sampling method and number
There were more than 200 fictitious accident cases, but due to no access to all cases, only 79 cases were included.
Used devices&materials
The tool used in the research was a questionnaire prepared on the basis of patterns and components in the relevant files. The collected data were analyzed SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation).
Findings by Text
Of 79 studied cases, 75 cases were male and 4 were female. The minimum and maximum years of birth of the cases were 2001 and 1968, respectively. Also, 50.6% of the cases were single. In 27 studied cases, the injured person had diploma and in 82.2% of the cases, the injured person had non-governmental job (Table 1).The most frequent type of reported car accident was a collision between a motorcycle and a car, followed by overturning and the least frequent was vehicle-pedestrian accident (Table 2).Most of the cases referring to the forensic medicine for fictitious accidents were either motor drivers or front passengers. The highest number of people in the vehicle at the time of the accident was two and one person. In 58.2% of the cases, the person lived outside the province, while in 38.0% of the cases, travelling was the reason for being in the province. Among people living in the province, most cases were living in Qaemshahr, whereas among those living outside the province, the highest numbers of cases were from Tehran (Table 3). In 60.8% of the cases, the cases were referred by an ambulance to the hospital, and in 88.6% of the cases, out-of-town accident was recorded. Also, the most reported hours for the accident were from 19 to 24 pm and 0 to 6 am (Table 4).An abrasion was the most common type of injury and darkness was the least reported type of injury. Most injuries were seen in the upper limbs followed by the lower limbs. In 53.2% of the cases, symmetrical injuries were reported (Table 5).
Main comparison to the similar studies
The findings of this study showed that 30.4% of the cases were motor drivers. Waghefi et al. study showed that most of the vehicles in accidents were passenger cars [18], which is not consistent with the present study. Hejazi et al. showed that 93.5% of deaths were due to the collision between a bicycle and a car [19] that consistent with the present study. Singh et al. reported that the majority (63.34%) of traffic accidents were trucks [17], which is not in line with the present study. Panda et al. found that most of the victims (28.6%) involved in traffic accidents were pedestrians [20], which is inconsistent with the present study.
Suggestions
It is recommended to conduct studies on comparing the pattern of injuries caused by fictitious accidents in different provinces, examining the insurance records, and paying the insurance to the victims of the fictitious accidents.
Limitations
Limitations of this study included the lack of access to all files of clinical examination centers in Mazandaran province and also no access to judicial verdicts and the removal of the cases waiting for judicial review to approve a fictitious accident.
Conclusions
In most cases, false accidents occur in the late hours of the night and the first hours of the day. Usually the vehicle has one or two occupants and the accident happens somewhere outside the city. Injuries are common to all occupants and in most cases are symmetric. All of these cases indicate that the reported accidents are fictitious. Most of the people surveyed also have freelance jobs.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to all the staff of the Forensic Medicine Organization of Mazandaran who helped us with the data collection.
Conflict of interest
None.
Ethical Permissions
None declared.
Funding Sources
None.

TABLES and CHARTS

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