ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Namavar   S. (1)
Ghodrati   S. (*1)
Gholami Heydarabadi   Z. (1)






(1) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Humanities Faculty, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Simaye Iran Street, Sanat Square, Tehran, Iran Postal Code: 8683114676
Phone: +98 (21) 88074907
Fax: +98 (21) 22880216
sima.ghodrati17@yahoo.com

Article History

Received:  March  20, 2019
Accepted:  July 29, 2019
ePublished:  December 21, 2019

BRIEF TEXT


... [1]. Life skills training enables individuals to have self-awareness and control their emotions and cope with stress [2].

... [3]. Depression is one of the most common diseases among soldiers participating in war. About 88% of soldiers participating in the war suffer from depression. Many soldiers participating in the war find it difficult to establish social relationships and intimate relationships with family and friends, and thus prefer to be isolated. The feeling of hopelessness and sadness overwhelms leading to referring to a psychologist or psychiatrist [4]. Marital satisfaction is defined as the objective feeling of happiness, satisfaction, conformity between spouses, as well as the enjoyment of the couples from all their relationships; however, it has defined as the subjective evaluation of one's from a relationship internal and external adaptation of the man and woman in different situations of life to create a mutual understanding between them [5]. Self-esteem or "self-confidence" is one of the mental conditions, by which a person trusts his or her abilities and talents to do things successfully because of past experiences. Self-confidence plays a vital role in the development and success of an individual [6]. Hope is the prospect of time for the future and the present, and also is the life satisfaction in individuals [7]. …. [8-25]…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of life skills training on marital satisfaction, hope and self-confidence of veterans’ wives with spinal cord injury.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with control group.

The statistical population of the study consisted of all veterans’ wives with spinal cord injury in Tehran in 2018 (450 cases).

The inclusion criteria were 50-60 year-old housewives with diploma being married for 30-35 years with veterans with lumbar or cervical spinal cord injury. After coordination with the Spinal cord Veterans’ Wives Association of Tehran, 30 veterans' wives as the members of the association were selected. After pre-test, the subjects in the experimental group who had a lower score of satisfaction, hope, and confidence were preferred. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control.

The spouses of the spinal cord veterans were asked to gather in a conference room one day by The Spinal cord Veterans’ Wives Association of Tehran and were informed about the process and purpose of the research. At the beginning of the research process and the first session, only 36 cases attended the session for the introduction and filling out the questionnaires. These subjects were subjected to the pre-test and they were assured of the confidentiality of the information and also were informed about the importance of attending all 12 sessions (being absent for a maximum of one session was allowed). Then, 18 cases were randomly assigned to the control group and 18 cases to the experimental group. However, in the second session, 3 subjects withdrew and the training continued with 15 people. Three cases of the control group were also excluded and did not complete the post-test questionnaire. Subjects were subjected to effective communication and emotion management skills training for 12 months and twelve 2-h sessions. After training, all 30 participants were gathered in a conference room and completed the questionnaires again. The research tools included the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire [29, 30], Snyder's Hope Questionnaire [31-33] and Bern-Reuters Personality Inventory [34-37]. Intervention sessions for the experimental group included 12 sessions including 7 sessions of emotion management training based on the training package of modification of the emotion regulation strategies by Gross model [38] and 5 sessions of the Minnesota Effective Communication Training Package based on the book by Sherod Miller entitled “Talking and Listening Together: Couple Communication One”; and the book entitled “verbal skills and effective communication” translated by Farshad Bahadori in 2006. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using paired T-test. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used as the default test to check the normal distribution of the data.

The mean age in the experimental and control groups were 54.6 ± 2.30 and 54.8 ± 2.13 years, respectively. Also, the control and experimental groups were married for 32.4 ± 2.15 and 31.8 ± 2.33 years, respectively. The mean scores of hope, self-confidence, and marital satisfaction in veterans' wives of the control group were not significantly different in the post-test compared with the pre-test (P> 0.05; Table 1).The mean scores of hope, self-confidence, and marital satisfaction of the veterans' wives of the experimental group significantly increased in the post-test compared with the pre-test (p <0.05; Table 2).

The results showed that two used interventions had a significant effect on improving marital satisfaction, increasing hope and increasing self-confidence. The obtained results are consistent with the findings of Pourhydari et al. [5], Hashemi et al. [15], Plowe and Bier [17], Baby et al. [18], Sadati et al. [19], Khodakarami et al. [20], Aminzadeh [22], Shirkavand et al. [23], Kazemi [24], Dehghan et al. [26], Mohammipour & Falahati [27], Tavakolizadeh et al. [40], Barghi & Grousi [41, Daneshmand and Lotfiizadeh [42], Karami Baghtifoni et al. [43], Launer et al. [44] and Kim Halford et al. [45] and not study was found inconsistent with our results. It has shown that having special thoughts and beliefs in veteran’ wives increase marital adjustment, marital intimacy, and marital satisfaction, and spouses of veterans have high marital adjustment despite having many specific problems [46]. ... [47, 48].

It is suggested that this study be conducted on veterans with spinal cord injury or spouses with other injuries. Studies using other life skills training are suggested.

This study was conducted in Tehran and on spouses of veterans with spinal cord injuries, which were the limitations of this research.

Emotional management skills training and effective communication affect marital satisfaction, hope, and self-confidence in veteran’ wives with spinal cord injury.

The authors are grateful to the Spinal cord Veterans’ Wives Association of Tehran for participation in this study.

None

Prior to the research, coordination was made with veteran’ wives and the consent was obtained for the research.

This research was extracted from a master's thesis of the Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, and no support was received by any particular institution or organization.

TABLES and CHARTS

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